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Researchers at Chalmers University of Technology in Sweden have unveiled promising advances in hydrogen-powered flight technology with developments aiming to revolutionize short and medium-range air travel, potentially eliminating fossil fuel use for flights up to 750 miles by 2045.
Professor Tomas Grönstedt, Director of the TechForH2 competence center at Chalmers, believes commercialization could happen sooner than expected. “If everything falls into place, the commercialization of hydrogen flight can go really fast now. As early as 2028, the first commercial hydrogen flights in Sweden could be in the air,” he says.
At the heart of this innovation are novel heat exchangers that significantly improve fuel efficiency. By leveraging hydrogen’s extremely low storage temperature and recycling heat from jet engine exhausts, Chalmers researchers have developed a system that could reduce fuel consumption by up to 8 percent.
Chalmers suggests that hydrogen-powered aircraft could meet the needs of 97 percent of all intra-Nordic flight routes by 2045. This includes 58 percent of the region’s passenger volume, marking a significant shift towards sustainable air travel in Scandinavia.
The study also introduced a new fuel tank design capable of safely storing liquid hydrogen while being lighter than current fossil fuel systems. This advancement addresses one of the key challenges in adapting existing aircraft models for hydrogen propulsion.
Despite technological progress, hurdles remain. The transition to hydrogen-powered flight requires substantial investments in infrastructure, new business models, and partnerships to produce, transport, and store green hydrogen.
Sweden is taking a proactive approach, with the Swedish Hydrogen Development Centre (SHDC) bringing together industry leaders and academic experts. The country has pledged significant investments, including 162 million Swedish kronor (about $15.5 million) for the TechForH2 competence center.
Professor Grönstedt notes, “There are industry expectations that 30–40 percent of global aviation will be powered by hydrogen by 2050. It is likely that for a number of years to come, we will need a mix of aircraft that run on electricity, less environmentally harmful e-jet fuel and hydrogen. But every aircraft that can be powered by hydrogen from renewable energy reduces carbon dioxide emissions.”
As researchers continue to refine these technologies, the dream of fossil-free air travel inches closer to reality, promising cleaner skies for future generations.
