Christian Rothe

Thank you, Blake, and good morning, everyone. I’m excited to be here this morning and look forward to working with you all over the coming quarters and years.
I’ll start on slide 8, fourth quarter key financial information. Fourth quarter reported sales were down 21% versus prior year. The positive impact of acquisitions and the negative impact of currency roughly offset each other in the quarter, while 2 points of our organic growth came from price.
Segment operating margin was 20.1% compared to 22.3% a year ago. The year-over-year decrease reflects lower sales volume and unfavorable mix, partially offset by our cost reduction actions and all incentive compensation.
Adjusted EPS of $2.47 was above our expectations primarily due to price and onetime items. Those onetime items included $22 million benefit from an adjustment to an earn-out accrual tied to achievement of the seller’s revenue targets and our Clearpath acquisition.
Adjusted effective tax rate for the fourth quarter was 14.9%, below the prior year rate of 17% and about 4 points below our expectations for the quarter. I’ll cover our year-over-year adjusted EPS bridge on a later slide.
Free cash flow conversion — sorry, free cash flow of $367 million was $409 million below — lower than the prior year primarily due to lower pretax income. One additional item not shown on the slide, we repurchased approximately 450,000 shares in the quarter at a cost of $118 million. On September 30, we had $1.3 billion remaining under our repurchase authorizations.
slide 9 provides the sales and margin performance overview for our 3 operating segments. Intelligent Devices margin of 20.6% decreased 70 basis points year-over-year due to lower sales volume and unfavorable mix. If you exclude the benefit from the Clearpath earn-out adjustment I mentioned earlier, segment margin in Intelligent Devices was 18.3%.
Operationally, this was about 1 point below our expectations as better-than-expected (inaudible) cost was more than offset by lower volume and other costs, including the impact of currency. Purely focusing on decremental conversion after adjusting for the earn-out, the segment had decrementals in the mid-30s year-over-year in the fourth quarter, which reflects strong execution on cost-out programs against a 20% organic sales decline.
Software control margin of 22.3% decreased about 1,100 basis points year-over-year due to lower sales volume, which was partially offset by cost reduction actions and no incentive compensation. Margins in this segment were below our expectations mainly due to lower shipments of Logix controllers.
Revenue from the software portion of Software & Control held up nicely year-over-year. The 39% sales decline in Software & Control was driven by the hardware portion of the business against the historically high shipments in Q4 of the prior year. The typically high decrementals for Software & Control were mitigated somewhat by our cost-out actions.
Lifecycle Services margin of 17.4% increased 890 basis points year-over-year and was slightly above our expectations. The higher year-over-year segment margin in Lifecycle was driven by no incentive compensation, strong project execution and Sensia margin improvement. As Blake said, this business performed well throughout fiscal ’24, and the incrementals reflect that.
On the next slide, 10, provides the adjusted EPS walk from Q4 fiscal 2023 to Q4 fiscal 2024. Core performance was down $2.40 on a 21% organic sales decrease with unfavorable segment and product mix driving an outsized flow-through.
As Blake mentioned, cost reduction actions provided a $70 million benefit in the quarter, exceeding our expectations and were a $0.50 tailwind. Incentive compensation was $0.55 tailwind. This year-over-year delta reflects no bonus payout this year versus an above-target payout last year.
The Clearpath earn-out benefit was $0.20. The year-over-year impact from currency and acquisitions were a $0.05 headwind each whereas tax was a $0.05 tailwind. Shares, interest and other items taken together were a tailwind of $0.03.
I want to pause here to briefly discuss the sequential performance for Rockwell from Q3 to Q4. Although it’s not on the slide, I think it’s informative to discuss the progression, particularly when we later discuss the fiscal ’25 guide.
Negative mix was the largest contributor to our decrementals sequentially. While reported company-wide sales were down $15 million, declines in products in both Intelligent Devices and Software & Control, including Logix, were more than double that amount.
On the other hand, we saw growth in Lifecycle Services and our configure-to-order products, which have less favorable margin profile. Further, as mentioned in our Q3 call, the Lifecycle Services segment had some high-margin projects shipped in Q3 that did not recur in Q4. This negative impact of both volume and mix drove high sequential decremental margins. Sequential currency and pension headwinds were offset by the earn-out adjustment.
Moving on, slide 11 provides key financial information for the full fiscal year 2024. Reported sales declined 9% to $8.3 billion, including 1 point of growth coming from acquisitions. Currency was neutral. Organic sales were down 10%.
Full year segment margin of 19.3% decreased 200 basis points from last year. The decrease was due to lower sales and again, an unfavorable mix that skewed heavily toward products, partially offset by no incentive compensation as well as the benefits from cost reduction actions and onetime items, including the earn-out adjustment.
Adjusted EPS was down 20%. A detailed year-over-year adjusted EPS walk can be found in the appendix for your reference.
Free cash flow conversion was in line with the updated expectations we shared last quarter at about 60% in fiscal 2024. Free cash flow decreased $575 million from fiscal ’23. The decrease in free cash flow was driven by lower pretax income.
Inventory and receivables were a source of cash in the fourth quarter as we reduced our balances in line with end demand. Return on invested capital was 15.2% for fiscal year 2024 and 570 basis points lower than prior year primarily driven by lower income.
For the year, we deployed about $1.2 billion of capital toward dividends and share repurchases and made organic investments — sorry, made inorganic investments of $750 million at the beginning of the fiscal year for Clearpath and Verve. Our capital structure and liquidity remains strong.
Let’s now move on to the next slide, 12, to discuss guidance for fiscal 2025. We expect reported sales in a range from negative 4% to positive 2% or slightly below $8.2 billion at the midpoint with no impact from currency or acquisitions.
At the midpoint of our sales guidance, which is negative 1%, we expect both Intelligent Devices and Software & Control to be down low single digits and Lifecycle Services to be up low single digits year-over-year. We expect price to contribute about 1 point of growth for the year and price cost to be favorable.
Segment margin is expected to be just under 19% at the midpoint, down about 40 basis points from fiscal year ’24. As Blake mentioned, we continue to expect $250 million in year-over-year benefit from our productivity and margin expansion projects in fiscal year ’25.
We look forward to covering more on our productivity and operational excellence journey with you at our upcoming Investor Day in Anaheim. We expect the full year adjusted effective tax rate to be around 17%. This is about 2 percentage points higher than fiscal ’24, which benefited from some discrete events that will not recur.
Our adjusted EPS guidance range is $8.60 to $9.80 with $9.20 at the midpoint. We expect full year fiscal 2025 free cash flow conversion of about 100% of adjusted income.
Blake mentioned earlier that we expect first quarter sales to be down high single digits sequentially. From a margin standpoint, we expect our Q1 margins to be in the low to mid-teens. Although we don’t give quarterly guidance, we thought it would be helpful to give some additional color on how we expect the first quarter to shape up.
Intelligent Devices sales are expected to be down low teens sequentially, reflecting soft product demand and a seasonal low in configure-to-order products. Against this tough volume backdrop, Intelligent Devices will have compensation headwinds and a nonrecurrence of the earn-out adjustment. As a result, we expect Intelligent Devices segment margins to be in the low teens.
Software & Control margin is expected to be in the low 20s on flat sequential sales growth. Lifecycle Services typically has a seasonal low in the first quarter, and sales are expected to be down low single digits sequentially. We expect compensation headwinds and the volume impact to drive segment margins in Lifecycle to the low teens.
As Blake mentioned, we expect gradual sequential improvement in our sales through the rest of the year. We also expect a corresponding increase in our segment margins.
Let’s turn to slide 13 for our adjusted EPS walk for the full year. Our core is expected to be negative $0.20 for the year with more normalized conversion on the 1% sales decline at the midpoint of our guide. Importantly, included in our core is R&D spending, the lifeblood of our future growth, which we continue to target at about 6% of sales.
Non-R&D investments planned for fiscal ’25 are expected to be a $0.25 headwind. These investments are structural in nature to position us for future growth. They include expansion of our Cubic footprint to continue to capture the ongoing data center tailwind especially in the US, a new Rockwell facility in India and IT investments that will provide differentiated performance both inside and outside of Rockwell’s walls.
Continuing on to the waterfall. Our productivity actions are expected to increase EPS by $1.85, reflecting the targeted $250 million cost-out savings. Nearly offsetting those savings are compensation and inflation headwinds next year, which are expected to decrease EPS by $1.40 at the midpoint of guide.
Adjustments for the Clearpath earn-out in Q2 and Q4 of fiscal ’24 resulted in a $0.25 headwind in fiscal ’25. We expect tax to be a $0.20 headwind. Shares, interest expense and other items taken together are expected to be a $0.06 headwind.
To break down the guide another way, our adjusted EPS in fiscal ’24 included about $0.25 of benefit from earn-out adjustments that added about 35 basis points to our segment margins for the year. Our guide of fiscal ’25 segment margins of just under 19% reflects essentially a flat — flat segment margins on this adjusted basis year-over-year. The headwinds of a 1% sales decline at the midpoint of our guide as well as compensation and investment headwinds are expected to be offset at the segment level by our cost-out programs.
A few additional comments on fiscal 2025 guidance for your models. Corporate and other expenses is expected to be around $130 million. Net interest expense for fiscal 2025 is expected to be about $145 million. We’re assuming average diluted shares outstanding of 113.1 million shares, and we are targeting $300 million of share repurchases during the year.
With that, I’ll turn it back over to Blake for some closing remarks before we start Q&A.

Blake Moret

Thanks, Christian. Despite project delays tied to policy uncertainty and US election, we won new capacity projects in the US across a variety of verticals in the quarter and throughout the year. We saw a sequential ramp in these wins throughout the year with Q4 being the best quarter.
Projects came from a diverse set of end markets, including renewable energy, tire, oil and gas, EV and semiconductor. The funnel of these mega projects is robust, and we expect an increase in these orders during fiscal year ’25.
Fiscal year ’25 will be a particularly strong year for new product introductions, including both hardware and software. We look forward to showcasing this innovation for customers during automation fair in 2 weeks and for you at our Investor Day during the show.
Acquisitions made a year ago are expected to contribute about 1 point of organic growth in fiscal year ’25. We do not anticipate major new acquisitions in the year. We have an unmatched portfolio that combines traditional sources of value with new ways to win.
As we’ve said, we’re now concentrating on integrating what we built and bought to drive simplification for our customers, expanded margins for investors and focus for our employees. Our people remain the heart of our success, and I thank them for their dedication and resilience. My leadership team and I look forward to working shoulder to shoulder with our employees and partners around the world during the coming year as we tune our operations, add new innovation to our portfolio and win at customers.
Aijana, we’ll now begin the Q&A session.

Aijana Zellner

Thanks, Blake. (Operator Instructions)
Julianne, let’s take our first question.

Operator

(Operator Instructions)
Scott Davis from Melius Research.

Scott Davis

Blake, you implied that maybe the election caused some noise. Do you see a restock happening imminently? Is that something that seems possible?

Blake Moret

We’re really not counting on — Scott, we’re really not counting on anything at the beginning of the year, particularly in Q1. As we talked about before, we’re nearing the end of the drain of excess stock at distributors and machine builders.
Some machine builders and distributors are already back to that equilibrium point. But we’re just not counting on some rapid acceleration for them to put additional inventory back on their shelf.

Scott Davis

And just to follow up on that theme. The last time, we had tariffs come in. What were the customer — who were the customer responses? Were they more likely to pre-buy and kind of buildup, in particular distributors build up inventory? Or are they more — was there a change in behaviors around that? And certainly, there may be some concerns around tariffs. So just kind of curious to see what you guys saw last time and how that may inform this time.

Blake Moret

We really didn’t see customer behavior change a lot with the tariffs. I’ll tell you that, that’s an area that I’m proud of the agility that we showed as the tariffs came through to get ahead of that to ensure a positive price/cost as things were coming in. And so I’m very confident should we see additional tariffs, we’ll be able to reflect that in our pricing to customers.
But unlike what occasionally will happen with regular price increases where you see a little bit of purchases brought forward, we really didn’t see that with respect to the tariffs. Obviously, there’s a lot of expectation that continues as investment increases in the US to complement labor with technology. And of course, that’s right down our sweet spot.

Operator

Andy Kaplowitz from Citigroup.

Andrew Kaplowitz

Blake, maybe just trying to flesh out ’25 a little bit more, when you look at ’25, do you think we’re any closer to a bottom in discrete? I know you mentioned some incremental CapEx delays, but is there any kind of visibility that’s helping you, let’s call it, talk about relative stability in hybrid and process markets in ’25, given the forecast of down low single digits and flat, respectively?

Blake Moret

Yes. So in — let’s start with hybrid. Food and beverage, we’re still not seeing a lot of activity of people pulling the trigger on greenfield investment, although we’re working with them and the associated EPCs on planning for expansion projects. And we’re continuing to get business through digital services, modernizations and things like that with their brownfield footprint.
In life sciences, we do think that we may be coming off a little bit of a bottom with respect to life sciences. And we’ve talked about the optimism around GLP-1 capacity that we’re engaged with and that we expect to continue in that area.
In discrete, the biggest component of discrete is automotive. We talked about a minute ago the win at Ford. So customers are still investing, but it’s not picked up to a point where we can sound the all clear, let’s say.
We do expect the SAAR count to increase in fiscal ’25. EV as a percentage of vehicles sold in the US is expected to go up a little above 10%, obviously at a much slower pace than we all envisioned a couple of years ago.
And then another element of discrete is e-commerce and warehouse automation. That’s also where our data center activity is. That was a bright spot this year for us, and we expect that to continue. There’s a lot of activity there, not only among the hyperscalers, but also among the other retailers who are looking to modernize and make their operations more efficient.
Semiconductor, a little bit more mixed. I still expect that to recover. We talked about some activity there. We’re not expecting that to be a big contributor in the year.

Andrew Kaplowitz

That’s helpful. And then, Blake, just kind of fleshing out the ’25 guidance, and maybe this is for Christian. Order’s down low single digits in Q4. You talked about flat in Q1. I guess that puts you probably in the 7s in terms of run rate and sales. So maybe how much lift do you get in orders if destocking were to just end? And do you need orders to start picking up in Q2 to sort of make that midpoint of your guide?

Blake Moret

We’re really looking at a very gradual sequential growth in orders after Q1. That’s what we’re expecting, triangulating from a variety of points, looking at the different industries. We also look at Lifecycle with its higher exposure to process, which continues to invest, and the relevance of backlog that they have in that segment are contributing positive growth in the year.
So we feel comfortable with that and then with the order progression that I just described being the biggest impact — the biggest influence on Software & Control and Intelligent Devices through the year.

Operator

Andrew Obin from Bank of America.

Andrew Obin

Just — I’m going to go back to sort of trying to figure out where things bottom. So as you look at your funnel and then obviously funnel becomes orders, and then orders become shipments. So just trying to understand, is the sort of this funnel converting into orders is just a budgeting at year-end? And so we effectively need budgets to be set for calendar ’25, and that’s what we’re going to see orders?
And then once you get an order, what do you think because not just for you, I know that you guys can probably ship your stuff within one to two weeks. But as you put the product together, what’s the right way of thinking from order converting into shipment that you book? Is it three months? Is it 6 months? If you could just outline this timeline if and when things actually start inflecting.

Blake Moret

Sure. So Andrew, let me describe a little bit of the overall process. And if I missed something, then ask me to touch that up.
The funnel was tracked probably a little bit differently for pure products that go into MRO versus the big greenfield projects that we look at that we described last year in terms of the typical calendarization of like a big EV project, for instance.
And of course, we have both in our business. We track intensely the project work, in some cases, a year or two before orders are left there with CapEx across the different industries. And that’s where our lighthouse project group has really shown this year. And as I said, we expect even more activity in the coming year.
That funnel looks good and certainly supports the guide with respect to Lifecycle Services. We have a good funnel in Clearpath, for instance, Cubic and so on.
And between the time that something comes out of the funnel and is won and ordered and shipped, that could be months or, in some cases, a year or more depending on the amount of engineering in that project. When it comes to the products in that funnel, when those come out as an order to us, as you said, we’re back to turning those around at a very high rate.
The majority of those get serviced within a period of days of our distributor shelf. But even when we have to build it, we can rely on the safety stock that we built up — built back up during the year or building in the plants. That’s converting at a very high rate.
So I think to your question, from time you get an order to the shipment, what the overall time, it literally is a period of weeks for those products, a little bit longer for the configure-to-order products that we have in Intelligent Devices. And again, you get into the months, I think average lead time in Lifecycle Services is probably about 5 or 6 months. But it certainly varies between digital services and fully engineered systems. So hopefully, that touches on some of what you were looking for.

Andrew Obin

Yes. No, absolutely. And then just — and I apologize if you have sort of talked about it, but you were sort of machine builders in Europe was pinch point. I think one of your competitors sort of has come out and said that, that is being pushed out three to six months. What is happening with machine builders in Europe, just a little bit more granular view there?

Blake Moret

Yes. Well, let me start with a subjective comment, and that is I’m seeing a lot of machine builders from Europe in our facility now. And we’ll see a lot of them at automation fair in a couple of weeks.
The PAC Expo show down in Chicago is close enough to where we’re seeing a lot of those machine builders come up and talk to us about their plans going forward. Super encouraging. These are big names, and they’re already decent sized customers but with lots of opportunities to grow share of their spend, given that a lot of their end users are investing in the US. And they want to be working with the US leader. That’s fact.
We’re definitely hearing that directly from those machine builders, and you’ll hear from some more of them at automation fair as well. In fiscal year ’25 coming off of a year where the overstock condition that European machine builders contributed to big declines, we expect Europe to be decent performing after the Americas.
So Americas will be the best-performing region in the world in ’25 followed by Europe, followed by Asia as those overstock conditions completely dissipate, and they get back to normal order patterns.

Operator

Nigel Coe from Wolfe Research.

Nigel Coe

Thanks for the 1Q color and all the additional guidance points. So Christian, I just want to make sure that we’ve got the message on 1Q. We’re sort of getting — just to map it back to the full year guide down the 6% to 7% type organic year-over-year for 1Q.
And just based on the margin, it seems like maybe a bit more pressure perhaps on EPS, so maybe down to like [$1.80] or so. Would that be sort of consistent in your thinking?

Christian Rothe

Yes. So just to frame it a little bit, when we talk about the sequential side of it for kind of the overall organization. We have — if you bridge from Q4 into Q1, we’ve got headwinds.
Of course, the earn-out adjustments not going to recur. We’ve got headwinds from perspective of the compensation inflationary side. And then on top of that, of course, there’s the volume reduction, all of which are going to contribute to some real decrementals as we go into Q1.
So you mentioned a number on the EPS. We’re not going to actually get into real detail on exactly what that number is, but it will be significantly below $2.

Nigel Coe

Yes. Okay. That’s helpful. And then just based on the normal — I mean, normal sequential through the year, it seems like 2Q would be down in a similar level of year-over-year, and then you start getting the real benefit from the easy comps in the back half of the year.
But I do struggle to understand what gets us to plus 2% just given the start of the year. So just to be curious what sort of assumptions you’re making at that plus 2%, and maybe just frame it in terms of what you’d expect to see in the order numbers.

Blake Moret

Yes. So that would — so the plus 2% would be a little bit better sequential improvement, either a little bit more pronounced ramp up or a little bit earlier development of the recovery in the end markets that would flip Intelligent Devices and Software & Control products to positive shipments for the year.
So if you get a little bit higher growth than expected earlier in the year and we continue to build sequentially off of that, that’s where you would see the pickup. The Lifecycle Services, the longer lead time items, again, given the exposure to process markets and the amount in backlog, I don’t see that changing as dramatically. It’s really going to be the products that will be the swing votes in this.

Operator

Chris Snyder from Morgan Stanley.

Christopher Snyder

I wanted to talk about Americas market and order trends. So I think you guys said that those were up low single digits sequentially or just up sequentially. So any color on maybe the magnitude of increase.
And when you guys talk about orders flat sequentially into Q1 on seasonality, is the expectation that Americas continues to get better? And then just more broadly on America, anything you could comment around the competitive environment and specifically how you think the company is doing on share of new wins and new awards.

Blake Moret

Sure. Yes. As we said, Americas was the best-performing region in ’24 and we expect in ’25 will continue to be the best performing region. We obviously have by far the largest share in the Americas.
We’ve got the best channel. We’ve got the largest installed base and the deepest relationship. So there’s a pretty good hand in that case. And we’re seeing, as I mentioned before, modest share gains.
Obviously, our competitors are all interested in the US and expanding that footprint. But we’re attacking it with the same sense of urgency and recognizing that we have to take the battle to machine builders and engineering firms around the world as well as continuing to provide unmatched, very differentiated support for the users here as well, releasing new products with the whole equation. And it’s all hands on deck for that.
In terms of the sequentials, I did mention that we saw sequential improvement in orders in Q4 in North America. And we haven’t characterized just where we see the sequentials through the year by region and by products or solutions. But again, we expect Americas to be the best.
And I did say that we expect in the so-called mega projects that we expect more orders to come from that activity in ’25 than we saw in ’24. And that will become a more and more significant number as we finally get past the overstock effects of products in the channel.

Christopher Snyder

Appreciate that. And then maybe just following up on that American manufacturing CapEx investment, which is obviously tilting much more towards electronic components like chips and even bigger electrical equipment, maybe things like transformers.
So as the CapEx shifts into different end markets, is there anything that investors should be aware of on just the content? Is the content on those products, not just for you, but just for automation industry, maybe lower than more traditional verticals like food and beverage? And then just the fact that some of these verticals are a bit new to the United States, how is Rockwell positioned to compete on those?

Blake Moret

Yes. Yes, Chris, great question. The opportunities we’re tracking, and literally, there are thousands of projects that we’re looking at and then getting laser focused on the top of the funnel where we have the clearest line of sight, and we’re getting ready to make decisions.
If you look at the vertical industries represented by that funnel, it’s split roughly evenly between the verticals that we don’t have as much penetration in that we haven’t talked as much about historically, things like semiconductor balanced by industries that we have great share in, we’ve talked about forever, we have extremely high readiness to serve like food and beverage, like automotive, like life sciences.
So we went through and characterized that entire basket of projects. And it’s split roughly equal, and each side of that represents hundreds of billions of dollars of CapEx and very substantial amounts of opportunity for us.
And as I’ve said before, I think we’re still in the reasonably early innings of those being awarded. So you’re seeing awards for things like data centers for projects now. And while we have some exposure in data centers, it’s obviously not the bulk of our business. People are placing orders for very long lead time items. I think transformers, in some cases, are still out two years and so on.
And we’ll see some content from that. But I think the biggest amount of those projects is still to come over the next few years.

Operator

Julian Mitchell from Barclays.

Julian Mitchell

Maybe one question for you, Blake, just thinking back to the Investor Day a year ago. So you talked about that sort of mid- to high single-digit organic sales CAGR entitlements. When we take ’24 and the guide for ’25, you’re running at a sort of negative mid-single-digit CAGR.
So just trying to understand for you to sort of get the nose up and move back towards the mid- to high positive growth, how much more do you need to put in, in terms of reinvestment? So I understand, short term, you’re sort of cutting spending in headcount because of the near-term top line. But are you confident you can get back to that mid-single-digit plus growth trend without sort of heavier investment taking place in the next couple of years?

Blake Moret

Yes. Thanks for the question, Julian. So in terms of the investment, we’ve taken a lot of care even through the last tough year to preserve spending in areas like customer-facing resources as well as R&D for new product introductions. And you’ll see the continuing increased pace of that at automation fair in a couple of weeks across our portfolio, Software & Control, Intelligent Devices, new digital services.
I’m very proud of the way that we’re getting these new products to market. In fact, in Software & Control, R&D as a percentage of sales is actually double digits. So we continue to preserve that going forward.
I think that as we look at getting back to those growth rates, let me also say that after we get past the reset, the very high growth in ’23, 17% top line growth, obviously, the decline last year and then the guide for this year, we still hold, and we’ll talk more about this in a couple of weeks, but we still hold to that framework, both in terms of top line as well as margin expectations.
And so while we’ve made some cuts that are to align the cost structure of the business with current business conditions and incoming orders, some of (inaudible) structural for that long term as well. We talked about the structural capacity investments that we’re making. I just mentioned the continued investment in R&D.
So I don’t see a sharp snapback because we’ve been pretty surgical about the cuts that we’ve made to make sure that we’re not cutting the lifeline to future acceleration back to the growth that we talked about at Investor Day last year.

Julian Mitchell

That’s very helpful. And maybe just a shorter-term second question for the 2025 guidance. So just on the segment margin point, it’s 19% for the year. Just wanted to check, was the low to mid-teens margin comment for Q1, was that a segment margin comment? And so you sort of — and off that Q1 margin starting point, do we assume you sort of take the margin up 200 or 300 basis points sequentially each quarter to get to 19% for the year? Is that the right framework?
And maybe in that context, Christian, just to clarify, I know you don’t want to talk quarterly earnings, but have it a different way, maybe first half, let’s say, I think first half is often 45% of EPS in recent years. Is it maybe sort of 40% or so this year?

Christian Rothe

Yes, Julian, thanks for the question. So as we think about that sequential as we go through the year, it should continue to improve. That was segment margins that we’ve talked about in the first quarter. So yes that — the low to mid-teens number that we — that I discussed was about the segment margin side. And yes, we do expect that, that should ramp as the year goes on in order to get to that 19%. I’m not really going to talk too much about first half, second half. But I do understand the math that you’re doing there.

Operator

Joe O’Dea from Wells Fargo.

Joseph O’Dea

I wanted to start on Intelligent Devices and the outlook for the first quarter. We’ve actually seen revenue on a quarterly trend in (inaudible) in a pretty stable range. And it looks like what you’re outlining is that sequentially from 4Q to 1Q would be down like $120 million, so much larger than what we’ve seen over the course of 2024. (inaudible) can you just kind of elaborate on what you’re seeing there, destock and market regions just to understand the drivers of that step down a little more?

Christian Rothe

Yes. So that step down, you think about the fact that as we were going through the sequentials in 2024, each quarter, there was some shipment that was happening. So the shipments were outstripping the incoming order rate during that period of time.
And on top of that, we do have some seasonal lows that are happening in the first quarter. So that’s a headwind for us in the first quarter. And the configure-to-order business is going to be off somewhat, well, in the first quarter.

Joseph O’Dea

Got it. That’s helpful. And then just in terms of any color around kind of end markets versus channel effects when we think about inventory management over the course of 2024 in the channel. I think when we look at the combination of Intelligent Devices and Software & Control, revenue down roughly $1 billion year-over-year.
Just high level, any context on kind of end market versus destock contributions to that? Can we think about it as roughly 1/3 of it could have been channel management versus end market trends? Anything there would be helpful.

Blake Moret

Yes. I don’t know that I can quantify the relative split because they’re interrelated because the velocity of your destock is dependent on end user demand pulling it out of the channel.
But the first part of last year of ’24, the effects of just that overstock were more pronounced. The underlying end user to market and user demand was actually positive, we think.
And then towards the end of the year, as we talked about in the last couple of calls, some weakening spread in those end demand. And we’re at a point where I think it’s really most informative to talk about the end user demand. Again, they’re linked.
There’s a little bit of stock left in the channel, but it goes as end user demand goes. And so that’s really going to be the biggest item as we look at the development in the year.
The biggest impact of that will be on the product-centric verticals. So you think about automotive, where most of our business is done through products going through distributors and some machine builders, food and beverage, where packaging is actually a very large percentage of the total business going into food and beverage. And that’s a product type go-to-market in those cases.
So that’s where you see the most of it as opposed to, for instance, an oil and gas or life sciences where you have a higher percentage that comes from digital services and engineered solutions.

Operator

Noah Kaye from Oppenheimer.

Noah Kaye

Just a clarification on the guide. You called out some of the non-R&D investments, but the nature of those sounded more like facility expansions. So just give us a bit more color on these investments and whether they’re OpEx versus CapEx?

Blake Moret

Yes, it’s a mix. In some of these, there’s a mix of OpEx and CapEx. As you said, some of it is facilities, expanding Cubic to be able to manage the really strong growth in the data center portion of their business.
We do have a new facility in India that’s providing some additional resilience in the Asian region for us. And then digital infrastructure within IT as we make sure that for internal productivity as well as external productivity with our partners, we’ve got a business system and digital services that is world class. So those are some of the investments that we’re making. We talked about them on the waterfall because of the OpEx portion, but there’s a little bit of CapEx for those as well.

Operator

I will now turn the call back over to Ms. Zellner for closing remarks.

Aijana Zellner

Thank you for joining us today. That concludes today’s conference call.

Operator

At this time, you may disconnect. Thank you.